If you've been using a Mac for any length of time, you know that it's more than just a pretty point-and-click, window-and-icon interface. Unmei mac os. Beneath the surface of the operating system is an entire world that you can access only from the command line. Terminal (in your /Applications/Utilities folder) is the default gateway to that command line on a Mac. With it, instead of pointing and clicking, you type your commands and your Mac does your bidding.
Why would you want to do that? For almost all of your computing needs, the regular graphical user interface is enough. But the command line can be handy when it comes to troubleshooting your Mac, to turn on 'hidden' settings, and other advanced chores. It's a good idea for anyone who isn't an utter beginner to be familiar with it.
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If you aren't already familiar with your Mac's command-line interface. First up: How to navigate the file system from the command-line prompt.
The prompt
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By default, when you open Terminal, the first thing you'll see is something like this:
The first line shows the last time you logged into your Mac via the command line; that's the current time, when you're using Terminal. The second line is the prompt, and while it can change from system to system depending on configuration, by default it contains several bits of information.
In my prompt, walden is the name of my Mac (same as the name in the Sharing pane of System Preferences), and kirk is my user name. The ~ shows where I am in the file system of my Mac; ~ is a shortcut that means the current user's home folder. (In the Finder, that's the folder with your user name and the house icon.) Finally, the $ is a character that the bash shell (the default interface that Terminal uses) displays to indicate that it's ready to accept a command.
What's in a folder
When you first get to the command line, you're in your home folder. While you're there—or when you're in any folder (directory in Unix-speak)—you might want to know what's in it. https://wheel-casino-slotsflexi-nq-money.peatix.com. To do that you use the ls
(or list) command. Bottle flip game mac os. Type ls
and press the Return key, and you'll see the folders (and/or files) in the current directory.
The output of the plain ls
command is pretty sparse; it shows you the names of files and folders contained in the current directory (including some familiar ones such as Movies, Music, Pictures, and so on). Fortunately, you can add a number of optional switches to the ls
command that allow you to see more information. So, for example, try typing ls -l
(that's a lower-case L), then pressing Return. You'll see something like this:
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Don't worry too much about what all that means right now; we're just getting our feet wet. The point is that ls
can provide additional information about files and folders, depending on the options you specify. In this case, that additional information includes the name of the user who owns each item in the directory. (That ownership is part of the Unix system's file-permissions regime.) The kirk kirk
next to most of those items above means that each one is owned by the user kirk, who is in the group kirk. The other understandable bit of information next to each file and folder is the date and time each one was last modified.
One other handy option: You can view invisible files—ones that the Finder doesn't normally show you—by typing ls -a
. (These hidden files all have dots (.) in front of their names.)
Moving around
When you're in the Finder and you want to move to another folder, you find that folder and double-click it. From the command line, you use the cd
(or change directory) command instead. So let's say you're in your Home folder and want to peek inside the Downloads folder. To do that, you'd type cd Downloads
. (Remember to always type a space after any command that has an additional argument, such as the name of a directory in the previous example.) Once you've done that, ls
will show you the contents of your Downloads folder.
Cruze 6 mac os. Here are a couple of quick tricks for moving around in your Mac's file system.
- If you type
cd
and press the Return key—with no directory specified—you'll go back to your Home folder. (You can also typecd ~
to go there.) - If you type
cd /
, you'll go to the root level of your startup disk. - If you type
cd .
(that's two periods), you'll go to the directory above the one you're currently in. So if you're in your home folder, and typecd .
, you'll go to your Mac's /Users folder. - And if you type
cd -
(hyphen) you'll go back to the directory you were in before the last time you issued thecd
command.
To learn more Terminal commands, see our articles on how to copy and move folders as well as delete files and folders using the command line and get help when you need it from man pages.
Jixipix rip studio pro 1 1 94. EDIT: This post have been getting very many views lately so ‘fess up in the comments if you want a part 2 with more advanced and new ways to use Mac OS X commands and wildcard characters.
This tip/post is going to be about several common Mac OS X commands and wildcard characters I have discovered, at work, that is useful to understand and know how to use. First off, wildcard characters are special characters such as * and ? that help you to find groups of filenames that have something in common.
For example, say I have a couple of files that I want to find in my home directory. My home directory is cluttered with junk files that I never take the time to organize. But somewhere within that junk pile of files there lay 8 files I would like. Their filenames are ssw_idl.a285, ssw_idl.r391, ssw_idl.z988, ssw_idl.c293, and the other 4 files are named similarly ('ssw_idl.' followed by a letter, then 3 numbers).
Open up terminal (or something similar like X11's xterm) and type in
then enter. This lists all your files and folders in the current directory. ls
Cramming time:cd
– changes directories (directories = folders). cd .
to go up a directory and cd FOLDERNAME
to go to a folder in the current directory.rm
– deletes files/folders.mkdir
– makes directories (folders).say 'Hello!'
– computer says ‘Hello!'more textFileName
– opens up a text file for viewing inside the command line/shell.
Now the actual reason I wrote up this post was to show you how to display only certain files with similar names. So we'll go on to learn about wildcard characters (to be completely honest, I am a noob to this whole wildcard thing; I am stilling learning also), and then about how to use wildcard characters in the Mac OS X command line. Skip ahead if you already know about wildcard characters.
——– The Good Stuff ——-
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*
– this star means 'everything'.ls *
will display all folders and all files within those folders.?
– means any character. ??
means any two characters. So basically ls ??*
will only display files/folders that have filenames 2 or more characters long.alphabet and numbers
– typing in any letters or numbers means that files/folders must have those exact letters/numbers.ls *.jpg
– lists all files that are jpeg images (.jpg extension)
The '.' (backslash then dot with no space, in case you couldn't see it well) means a literal dot. No backslash before the dot would mean just any single character except for a new line (n).ls a*
– lists files/folders starting with an 'a'.ls *.*
– lists only files because folders don't have a dot in their name.ls [a-z]
– lists only folders with a one character letter for their name.ls frame[0-9]
– lists any files/folders starting with 'frame' and then any 1 number.
A very nicely made reference page for Mac OS X Commands:
http://www.ss64.com/osx/ Hoarders horrible house of stuff mac os.
Any comments welcome! Show me something cool & new!